Zolpidem and Zopiclone

Zopiclone and zolpidem are commonly referred to as Z drugs. They are similar to benzodiazepines but in fact are a separate class of drugs, technically known as non-benzodiazepines. The predominant medical uses for them include anxiety and insomnia. Z drugs are sedative by nature, which will slow down a person’s reactions, making them feel drowsy and lethargic although large doses can make a user forgetful and sleepy.

Tolerance to Z drugs can develop relatively quickly which may result in an increase in dosage, leading to psychological and physical dependence. Withdrawal from regular use can cause intense irritability, insomnia, nausea and headaches. There is a risk of accidental overdose if taken with other depressive drugs such as alcohol. There is potential to cause physical dependence and as such GPs are advised that they should be prescribed for no more than four weeks.

Z drugs are usually taken orally. They aren’t licensed for long term use due to dependence being reported in a small number of users. There is evidence where some users have increased their use of the drug without consent from the GP, which can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms if they try and stop.

In a World Health Organisation questionnaire, Z drugs was stated as being available for medical use in 34 of the 59 countries that responded, including the UK.

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